","magId":"12909add-791a-4c2f-9055-95d9d653b4a1","labelCn":"图1","pptUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F001.jpg.ppt","labelEn":"Fig.1","figUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F001.jpg","titleEn":"Fig.1 Schematic of 2D Time-to-Collision (TTC) Computation","titleCn":"图1 2D-TTC计算示意图","id":"F1","captionEn":"Schematic of 2D Time-to-Collision (TTC) Computation ","thumbnailUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/thumbnail/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F001.jpg"},{"captionCn":"训练期不同算法各指标变化曲线图 ","magId":"5c44e6e7-9e04-4efc-87b2-a31b125752ed","labelCn":"图2","pptUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F002.jpg.ppt","labelEn":"Fig.2","figUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F002.jpg","titleEn":"Fig.2 Metrics change curves for different algorithms during the training period","titleCn":"图2 训练期不同算法各指标变化曲线图","id":"F2","captionEn":"Metrics change curves for different algorithms during the training period ","thumbnailUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/thumbnail/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F002.jpg"},{"captionCn":"不同算法在不同场景条件下的各指标热力图 ","magId":"441c2717-5b1f-4719-882c-764506b2abf6","labelCn":"图3","pptUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/2025-10-30_132727_124.jpg.ppt","labelEn":"Fig.3","figUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/2025-10-30_132727_124.jpg","titleEn":"Fig.3 Heatmap of various metrics for different algorithms under different scenario conditions","titleCn":"图3 不同算法在不同场景条件下的各指标热力图","id":"F3","captionEn":"Heatmap of various metrics for different algorithms under different scenario conditions ","thumbnailUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/thumbnail/2025-10-30_132727_124.jpg"},{"captionCn":"学得策略在典型场景中的行为快照 ","magId":"9af7b8fc-380c-4040-b685-50fa0c33449f","labelCn":"图4","pptUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F004.jpg.ppt","labelEn":"Fig.4","figUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F004.jpg","titleEn":"Fig.4 Behavior snapshots of the learned policy in representative scenarios","titleCn":"图4 学得策略在典型场景中的行为快照","id":"F4","captionEn":"Behavior snapshots of the learned policy in representative scenarios ","thumbnailUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/thumbnail/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F004.jpg"},{"captionCn":"自车典型场景换道避障过程运动曲线图 ","magId":"99b91c19-a022-47eb-afbc-79357f0c4b3c","labelCn":"图5","pptUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F005.jpg.ppt","labelEn":"Fig.5","figUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F005.jpg","titleEn":"Fig.5 Ego vehicle typical lane-change and obstacle-avoidance process: Trajectory and speed curves","titleCn":"图5 自车典型场景换道避障过程运动曲线图","id":"F5","captionEn":"Ego vehicle typical lane-change and obstacle-avoidance process: Trajectory and speed curves ","thumbnailUrl":"1673-0291-2025-49-5-82/thumbnail/EB776091-A7E4-4ad3-B1F4-84F7CFD86449-F005.jpg"}],"fundList_en":["National Key R&D Plan(2023YFB4302703)"],"authorNotes_cn":["郝赫(1999—),男,河北沧州人,博士生.email:hehao_@bjtu.edu.cn."]}; if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){ window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn; } if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){ window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en; } var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val(); var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,''); window.metaData.magDir = magDir; new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); }, doAfterFun:function(selector,jsonData){doMagVueAfter(selector,jsonData);} }); //参考文献可视化 richRefCharts(window.metaDatas); var pars = {attachType:'PDF',id:$("#articleId").val(),json:true}; jQuery.post($("#mag-common-contextPath").val()+"/EN/article/showArticleFile.do?" + new Date().getTime(), pars, function(data){ var json=null; if(data.match(/^\[json\].*/g)){ json=eval("("+data.replace(/^\[json\]/g,"")+")"); } if(json && json.status == 1){ //有权限 }else{ //无权限 $("#no-access-div").show(); } }); mag_ajax({ url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do', data:{articleId:$("#articleId").val(),token:'b1051a9fb9524da5b4dcb1988136f6b1',referer:document.referrer}, dataType:"json", async:"false", success:function(json){ if(json.richHtmlJson && json.richHtmlJson.article){ if(json.trans){ var _nlmdtdXmlCN = $("#article_nlmdtdXmlCN").val(); var magDirCN = _nlmdtdXmlCN.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,''); json.richHtmlJson.magDir=magDirCN; }else{ json.richHtmlJson.magDir=magDir; } new mag_vue({ el: '#bodyVue', data:json.richHtmlJson, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); }, doAfterFun:function(selector,jsonData){doMagVueAfter(selector,jsonData);} }); } } }); //去掉正文中的中文文字“多媒体文件” $("div.mag_body_media_file b").remove(); //altmetric if($.trim($("#article_doi").val())!=''){ $.ajax({ url:'https://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/'+$.trim($("#article_doi").val())+'?callback=altmetric_callback', //url:'https://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/10.1007/s13238-016-0264-7?callback=altmetric_callback', dataType:'jsonp' }); } mag_rich_menu(jQuery); $(function(){ $('#autoMenu').autoMenu(); }) $("#autoMenu").niceScroll({ cursorcolor: "#ccc", //滚动条的颜色 cursoropacitymax: 0, //滚动条的透明度,从0-1 touchbehavior: false, //使光标拖动滚动像在台式电脑触摸设备 true滚动条拖动不可用 cursorwidth: "6px", //滚动条的宽度 单位默认px cursorborder: "0", // 游标边框css定义 cursorborderradius: "3px", //滚动条两头的圆角 autohidemode: true, //是否隐藏滚动条 true的时候默认不显示滚动条,当鼠标经过的时候显示滚动条 zindex: "auto", //给滚动条设置z-index值 railvalign:'defaul', railpadding: { top: 0, right: -6, left: 0, bottom: 0 }, //滚动条的位置 }); window.autoMenuFlag=true; $("#relatedArticles").niceScroll({ cursorcolor: "#ccc", //滚动条的颜色 cursoropacitymax: 0, //滚动条的透明度,从0-1 touchbehavior: false, //使光标拖动滚动像在台式电脑触摸设备 true滚动条拖动不可用 cursorwidth: "6px", //滚动条的宽度 单位默认px cursorborder: "0", // 游标边框css定义 cursorborderradius: "3px", //滚动条两头的圆角 autohidemode: true, //是否隐藏滚动条 true的时候默认不显示滚动条,当鼠标经过的时候显示滚动条 zindex: "auto", //给滚动条设置z-index值 railvalign:'defaul', railpadding: { top: 0, right: -6, left: 0, bottom: 0 }, //滚动条的位置 }); //公式序号 居右 jQuery(".mag-xml-disp-formula").each(function() { var _this = jQuery(this); var _label= _this.children("label"); if(typeof(_label.html())!="undefined"){ _this.children("label").remove(); _this.wrap("
"); _this.parent().parent().append(""+_label.html()+""); } }); $('body').click(function(){ $('.daochu_div').hide(); $('.qipao').hide(); }) $('.qipao').click(function(event){ event.stopPropagation(); }) /*参考文献显示隐藏*/ $('.biaotijiantoush1').click(function(event){ if($(this).attr('class')=='glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1'){ $(this).parents('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_benwenyiny').next('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_ckwx_xiangqing').stop().slideUp(); $(this).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1'); }else if($(this).attr('class')=='glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1'){ $(this).parents('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_benwenyiny').next('.mag_main_zhengwen_left_div_ckwx_table_ckwx_xiangqing').stop().slideDown(); $(this).attr('class','glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top biaotijiantoush biaotijiantoush1'); } event.stopPropagation(); }); //加载补充材料 mag_ajax_update({ ele_id:'showArticle_suppls', url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/showArticleSuppls.do', data:{articleId:$("#articleId").val()} }); //加载专题 mag_ajax_update({ ele_id:'showArticle_subjects', url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/subject/showSubjectListByArticle.do', data:{articleId:$("#articleId").val(),forwardJsp:'showArticle'} }); //知识标引(规范词标引) mag_rich_lexemeCnctst($("#articleId").val(),'EN',document.getElementById('bodyVue')); //渲染公式 mag_mathJax(); }); function altmetric_callback(json){ if(json && json.score){ if(json.score - parseInt(json.score) > 0){ $("#altmetric-score").html(parseInt(json.score)+1); }else{ $("#altmetric-score").html(parseInt(json.score)); } $(".main_content_center_right_duoweidu_div").css("width","25%"); $("#altmetric-a").show(); $("#altmetric-a").attr("href",json.details_url); } } function richClickAuthor(name){ var searchSQL = "((("+mag_advSearchValReplace(name)+"[Author]) AND 1J[Journal]) AND year[Order])"; mag_request({url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/searchresult',data:{searchSQL:searchSQL}}); } function richClickKeyword(keyword){ var searchSQL = "((("+mag_advSearchValReplace(keyword)+"[Keyword]) AND 1J[Journal]) AND year[Order])"; mag_request({url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/searchresult',data:{searchSQL:searchSQL}}); } function mag_share(){ $("#bShare_more_a").click(); } function loadRelatedArticles(){ if($("#showRelatedArticles") && $("#showRelatedArticles").length>0){ //加载过了 }else{ mag_loading(); mag_ajax_update({ ele_id:'relatedArticles-content', url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/relatedArticle.do', data:{id:$("#articleId").val(), forwardJsp:'showArticle'}, complete:function(){ mag_layer_close(); } }); } } function showMetrics(){ mag_window_location(mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/metrics/'+$("#articleId").val()); } function piaofuFn(a,fnId){ var content='
'+$("#mag-rich-fn-"+fnId).html()+'
'; console.log("content="+content); piaofu(a,content); } function piaofuCnctst(a,cnctst_id){ if($("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id) && $("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).length && $("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).length>0){ var content='
'+$("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).html()+'
'; piaofu(a,content); }else{ var div=document.createElement("div"); div.style.display='none'; div.id="mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id; document.body.appendChild(div); mag_ajax_update({ selector:"#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id, url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/EN/lexeme/showCnctstOnRich.do", data:{cnctst_id:cnctst_id,articleId:$("#articleId").val(),Count:5}, success:function(){ var content='
'+$("#mag_rich_cnctst_info_"+cnctst_id).html()+'
'; piaofu(a,content); } }); } } function clickFigXref(a,figId){ if(figId!=''){ $("[mag-fig-id='"+figId+"']")[0].scrollIntoView(); } } function clickTabXref(a,tabId){ if(tabId!=''){ document.getElementById(tabId).scrollIntoView(); } } function huoqukuanduimg(){ // } function doDataJsonText(text){ var str = text; //var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val(); //var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,''); str = str.replace(/"; ss += ""; ss += ""; var shuomingTitle = ""; var shuomingContent = ''; if(fig.titleEn && fig.titleEn!=''){ shuomingTitle = fig.titleEn; if(fig.titleContentEn && fig.titleContentEn!=''){ shuomingContent += fig.titleContentEn; } } if(shuomingTitle==''){ if(fig.titleCn && fig.titleCn!=''){ shuomingTitle = fig.titleCn; } if(fig.titleContentCn && fig.titleContentCn!=''){ shuomingContent += fig.titleContentCn; } }else{ if(fig.titleCn && fig.titleCn!=''){ shuomingContent += "

"+fig.titleCn+"

"; } if(fig.titleContentCn && fig.titleContentCn!=''){ shuomingContent += fig.titleContentCn; } } ss += '
'+shuomingTitle+'
'; if(shuomingContent!=''){ ss += shuomingContent; } ss += '
'; ss += '

Full size|PPT slide

'; $(this).html(ss); break; } } }); //处理表格 $(selector + " .mag_main_table[magid]").each(function(){ var magId = $(this).attr("magid"); for(var i=0;i"; } if(tab.titleContentCn && tab.titleContentCn!=''){ shuomingContent += tab.titleContentCn; } } ss += '
'+shuomingTitle+'
'; if(shuomingContent!=''){ ss += shuomingContent; } ss += ''; ss += ''; if(tab.table != ''){ ss += '
'; ss += tab.table; ss += '
'; } if(tab.footFnList && tab.footFnList.length>0){ ss += '
'; for(var j=0;j0){ for(var k=0;k0){ for(var ii=0;ii0){ for(var ii=0;ii0){ var citation = null; for(var citationIndex=0;citationIndex0){ if(citation == null){ citation = citationList[citationIndex]; } for(var personIndex=0;personIndex0){ for(var authorDataIndex=0;authorDataIndex0 && xData.length>0){ $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_nian_count_container").show(); var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_nian_count"); var myChart = echarts.init(dom); var app = {}; var option; option = { tooltip: { trigger: 'axis', axisPointer: { type: 'shadow' } }, xAxis: { data: xData }, yAxis: { type: 'value' }, series: [{ //name: '文献', type: 'bar', stack: 'browse', color: '#f07d2d', label:{ show:true, position:'top', color:'#000' }, barWidth: '60%', data: yData }] }; if (option && typeof option === 'object') { myChart.setOption(option); } } if($("#mag_rich_ref_charts_publication_type") && $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_publication_type").length && $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_publication_type").length>0 && typeData.length>0){ $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_publication_type_container").show(); if(typeData!=null && typeData.length>0){ typeData.sort(function(a,b){ return b.value-a.value; }); var l = window.metaData.referenceList.length; for(var i=0;i0){ $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_source_container").show(); var ySourceData = new Array(); var xSourceData = new Array(); if(sourceData.length>0){ for(var i=0;i0){ ySourceData[ySourceData.length] = 'Other'; xSourceData[xSourceData.length] = otherSourceCount; } $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_source").height(ySourceData.length*25+50); var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_source"); var myChart = echarts.init(dom); var app = {}; var option; option = { tooltip: { trigger: 'axis', axisPointer: { type: 'shadow' } }, legend:{ }, grid: { top: 10, bottom: 20, left: 150, right: 30 }, xAxis: { type: 'value', position: 'bottom', show: true }, yAxis: { type: 'category', data: ySourceData, inverse: true, axisLabel: { formatter: function (value) { var l = 20; if(value.match(/.*[\u4e00-\u9fa5]+.*/g)){ l = 10; } if(value.length>l){ return value.substr(0,l)+"..."; }else{ return value; } } } }, series: [{ type: 'bar', stack: 'browse', color: 'blue', label:{ show:true, position:'right', color:'#000' }, barWidth: '60%', data: xSourceData }] }; if (option && typeof option === 'object') { myChart.setOption(option); } } if($("#mag_rich_ref_charts_author") && $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_author").length && $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_author").length>0 && authorData.length>0){ $("#mag_rich_ref_charts_author_container").show(); var nodes = new Array(); if(authorData && authorData.length>0){ authorData.sort(function(a,b){ return b.count-a.count; }); for(var authorDataIndex=0;authorDataIndex50){ return 50; }else{ return size; } }(), draggable:true, itemStyle:{ normal:{ //shadowBlur:10, shadowColor:color, color:color } } }; } } if(nodes.length>0){ nodes.sort(function(a,b){ return a.value-b.value; }); } var dom = document.getElementById("mag_rich_ref_charts_author"); var myChart = echarts.init(dom, null, { renderer: 'canvas', useDirtyRect: false }); var app = {}; var option; option = { backgroundColor: '#fff', tooltip: {}, animationDurationUpdate: function(idx) { // 越往后的数据延迟越大 return idx * 100; }, animationEasingUpdate: 'bounceIn', color: ['#fff', '#fff', '#fff'], series:{ type: 'graph', layout: 'force', force: { repulsion: 30, edgeLength: 3 }, gravity: 1.1, scaling: 1.1, roam: true, label: { normal: { show: true } }, data:nodes } } if (option && typeof option === 'object') { myChart.setOption(option); } } } $("#mag_rich_ref_charts").hide(); }

Lane-change obstacle-avoidance control for autonomous vehicles under unexpected on-road obstacles based on reinforcement learning

Enjian YAO, Zhuoli CHEN, He HAO, Rongsheng CHEN, Yang YANG

PDF(3531 KB)
PDF(3531 KB)
Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5) : 82-93. DOI: 10.11860/j.issn.1673-0291.20250149
Core Technologies for Autonomous Operation and Control

Lane-change obstacle-avoidance control for autonomous vehicles under unexpected on-road obstacles based on reinforcement learning

    {{javascript:window.custom_author_en_index=0;}}
  • {{article.zuoZhe_EN}}
Author information +
History +
Received Revised Published
2025-09-20 2025-09-26 2025-10-25
Issue Date  
2025-10-30  

HeighLight

{{article.keyPoints_en}}

Abstract

{{article.zhaiyao_en}}

Key words

QR code of this article

Cite this article

Download Citations
{{article.zuoZheEn_L}}. {{article.title_en}}. {{journal.qiKanMingCheng_EN}}. 2025, 49(5): 82-93 https://doi.org/10.11860/j.issn.1673-0291.20250149

References

References

{{article.reference}}

Funding

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

{{article.copyrightStatement_en}}
{{article.copyrightLicense_en}}
PDF(3531 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/

Baidu
map